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Topics Covered in CompTIA SK0-004 Exam

The CompTIA SK0-004 exam checks the knowledge and skills of the professionals in a wide range of topics. The domains covered in this certification test are outlined below.

The first topic is ‘Server Architecture’ that makes up 12% of the exam content. The subtopics are as follows: explaining the purpose and function of server form factors; installing, configuring, and maintaining server elements; comparing and contrasting power & cooling components. Then there is the ‘Server Administration’ section that covers 24% of the entire content. It includes the following areas: installing and configuring server operating systems; comparing and contrasting server roles as well as requirements; utilizing access and control methods to administer a server; executing proper server maintenance techniques; explaining the role of asset management & documentation; explaining the role and operation of virtualization elements.

The next domain is ‘Storage’ and it constitutes 12% of the exam syllabus. The subtopics include installing as well as deploying primary storage devices depending on particular specifications & interfaces; configuring RAID with the help of best practices; summarizing features & hardware of various storage technologies; calculating proper storage capacity & plan for future development. The ‘Security’ area makes up 13% of the whole content and includes the subtopics, such as comparing and contrasting physical security methods & concepts; applying server hardening techniques; explaining fundamental network security systems & protocols; implementing logical access control methods according to company policy; implementing proper environmental techniques & controls.

The next subject area is ‘Networking’ (10%) that includes the following subtopics: customizing servers to use IP addressing & network infrastructure services; comparing and contrasting various ports & protocols; installing cables as well as implementing proper cable management procedures. ‘Disaster Recovery’ comes next and constitutes 9% of the exam content. This domain includes explaining the role of disaster recovery methodologies as well as applying the appropriate backup techniques. The last topic is ‘Troubleshooting’ and it makes up the remaining 20% of the entire content. The subtopics are as follows: troubleshooting theory & methodologies; troubleshooting hardware problems, selecting the appropriate tools & methods; troubleshooting software problems, selecting the appropriate tools & methods; diagnosing network problems, selecting the appropriate tools & methods; troubleshooting storage problems, selecting the appropriate tools & methods; diagnosing security problems, selecting the appropriate tools & methods.

Reference: https://certification.comptia.org/certifications/server

Domain 5: Networking (10%)

In the framework of this section, the students need to confirm that they are conversant with configuring servers to utilize IP addressing as well as network infrastructure services depending on a particular scenario; differentiating various protocols and ports; installing cables and applying relevant cable management methods depending on a particular scenario.

CompTIA SK0-004 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Server Architecture - 12%
Explain the purpose and function of server form factors.	1.Rack mount Dimensions 1U, 2U, 4U Cable management arms Rail kits 2.Tower 3.Blade technology Blade enclosure Backplane/midplane Power supply sockets Network modules/switches Management modules Blade server
Given a scenario, install, configure and maintain server components.	1.CPU Multiprocessor vs. multicore Socket type Cache levels: L1, L2, L3 Speeds Core Bus Multiplier CPU stepping Architecture x86 x64 ARM 2.RAM ECC vs. non-ECC DDR2, DDR3 Number of pins Static vs. dynamic Module placement CAS latency Timing Memory pairing 3. Bus types, bus channels and expansion slots Height differences and bit rate differences PCI PCIe PCI-X 4.NICs 5.Hard drives 6.Riser cards 7.RAID controllers 8.BIOS/UEFI CMOS battery 9.Firmware 10.USB interface/port 11.Hotswap vs. non-hotswap components
Compare and contrast power and cooling components.	1.Power Voltage 110v vs. 220v vs. -48v 208v vs. 440v/460v/480v Wattage Consumption Redundancy 1-phase vs. 3-phase power Plug types NEMA Edison Twist lock 2.Cooling Airflow Thermal dissipation Baffles/shrouds Fans Liquid cooling
Server Administration - 24%
Install and configure server operating systems.	1.Determine server role/purpose 2.Update firmware 3.BIOS/UEFI configuration Boot order 4.Disk preparation RAID setup Partitioning Formatting File system type Ext 2, 3, 4 NTFS FAT32 ReiserFS UFS VMFS ZFS Swap 5.Configure host name 6.Local account setup 7.Connect to network 8.Join domain/directory 9.Address security concerns Patching OS hardening Compliance to company procedures/standards 10.Enable services 11.Install features/roles/applications/drivers 12.Performance baseline Server optimization Swap or pagefile optimization 13.Unattended/remote installations Deploying images and cloning Scripted installs PXE boot TFTP
Compare and contrast server roles and requirements for each.	1.Web server 2.Application server 3.Directory server 4.Database server 5. File server 6.Print server 7.Messaging server 8.Mail server 9.Routing and remote access server 10.Network services server DHCP DNS/WINS NTP
Given a scenario, use access and control methods to administer a server.	1.Local hardware administration KVM Serial Virtual administration console 2.Network-based hardware administration KVM over IP ILO iDRAC 3. Network-based operating system administration RDP SSH VNC Command line/shell
Given a scenario, perform proper server maintenance techniques.	1.Change management 2.Patch management Operating system updates Application updates Security software updates Firmware updates Device drivers updates Compatibility lists Operating systems Hardware Applications Testing and validation 3.Outages and service level agreements Scheduled downtime Unscheduled downtime Impact analysis Client notification MTTR 4.Performance monitoring CPU utilization Memory utilization Network utilization Disk utilization Disk IOPS Storage capacity Comparison against performance baseline Processes and services monitoring Log monitoring 5.Hardware maintenance Check system health indicators LEDs Error codes Beep codes LCD messages Replace failed components Fans Hard drives RAM Backplanes Batteries Preventive maintenance Clearing dust Check proper air flow Proper shut down procedures 6. Fault tolerance and high availability techniques Clustering Active/active Active/passive Load balancing Round robin Heartbeat
Explain the importance of asset management and documentation.	1.Asset management Licensing Labeling Warranty Life cycle management Procurement Usage End of life Disposal/recycling Inventory Make Model Serial number Asset tag 2.Documentation Service manuals Network diagrams Architecture diagrams Dataflow diagrams Recovery documentation Baseline documentation Change management policies Service level agreement Server configuration 3. Secure storage of sensitive documentation
Explain the purpose and operation of virtualization components.	1.Hosts and guests 2.Management interface for virtual machines 3.Hypervisor Type I Type II Hybrid 4.Hardware compatibility list BIOS/UEFI compatibility and support CPU compatibility support AMD-V/Intel VT 5. Resource allocation between guest and host CPU Storage Memory Network connectivity Direct access (bridging) vs. NAT Virtual NICs Virtual switches Video
Storage - 12%
Given a scenario, install and deploy primary storage devices based on given specifications and interfaces.	1.Disk specifications RPM Dimensions/form factor Capacity Bus width IOPS Seek time and latency Hotswap vs. non-hotswap components 2.Interfaces SAS SATA SCSI USB Fibre channel 3.Hard drive vs. SSD
Given a scenario, configure RAID using best practices.	1. RAID levels and performance considerations 0 1 5 6 10 2.Software vs. hardware RAID Performance considerations 3.Configuration specifications Capacity Bus types Drive RPM 4.Hotswap support and ramifications 5.Hot spare vs. cold spare 6.Array controller Memory Battery backed cache Redundant controller
Summarize hardware and features of various storage technologies.	1.DAS 2.NAS CIFS/SMB NFS 3.SAN iSCSI FCoE Fibre channel LUN and LUN masking HBAs and fabric switches 4.JBOD 5.Tape Drive Libraries 6.Optical drive 7.Flash, compact flash and USB drive
Given a scenario, calculate appropriate storage capacity and plan for future growth.	1. Base10 vs. Base2 disk size calculation (1000 vs. 1024) 2.Disk quotas 3.Compression 4.Capacity planning considerations Operating system growth Patches Service packs Log files Temporary directories Databases Application servers File servers Archival
Security - 13%
Compare and contrast physical security methods and concepts.	1.Multifactor authentication Something you have Something you know Something you are 2.Security concepts Mantrap RFID chip ID card Biometric Keypad Access list Security guard Security camera Keys and locks Cabinet Rack mount Server Safe
Given a scenario, apply server hardening techniques.	1.OS hardening Stopping unneeded services/ closing unneeded ports Install only required software Install latest operating system patches 2.Application hardening Install latest patches Disabling unneeded services/roles/features 3.Endpoint security HIDS Anti-malware 4. Remediate security issues based on a vulnerability scan 5.Hardware hardening Disabling unneeded hardware and physical ports/devices BIOS password Disable WOL (Wake on LAN) Setup boot order Chassis locks/intrusion detection
Explain basic network security systems and protocols.	1.Firewall Network-based Host-based 2.Port security/802.1x/NAC 3.Router access list 4.NIDS 5.Authentication protocols LDAP RADIUS TACACS TACACS+ 6.PKI Private key Public key Certificate authority SSL/TLS 7.VPN 8.IPSec 9.VLAN 10. Security zones DMZ Public and private Intranet and extranet
Implement logical access control methods based on company policy.	1.ACLs Users Groups Roles Resources File system Network ACLs Peripheral devices Administrative rights Distribution lists 2.Permissions Read Write/modify Execute Delete Full control/superuser File vs. share
Implement data security methods and secure storage disposal techniques.	1.Storage encryption File level encryption Disk encryption Tape encryption 2.Storage media Soft wipe File deletion Hard wipe Zero out all sectors Physical destruction Remote wipe
Given a scenario, implement proper environmental controls and techniques.	1.Power concepts and best practices UPS Runtime vs. capacity Automated graceful shutdown of attached devices Periodic testing of batteries Maximum load Bypass procedures Remote management PDU Connect redundant rackPDUs to separate circuits Capacity planning PDU ratings UPS ratings Total potential power draw Multiple circuits Connect redundant power supplies to separate PDUs 2.Safety ESD procedures Fire suppression Proper lifting techniques Rack stability Floor load limitations Sharp edges and pinch points 3.HVAC Room and rack temperature and humidity Monitoring and alert notifications Air flow Rack filler/baffle/blanking panels Hot aisle and cold aisle
Networking - 10%
Given a scenario, configure servers to use IP addressing and network infrastructure services.	1.IPv4 vs. IPv6 2.Default gateway 3.CIDR notation and subnetting 4.Public and private IP addressing 5.Static IP assignment vs. DHCP 6.DNS FQDN Default domain suffix/search domain 7.WINS 8.NetBIOS 9.NAT/PAT 10.MAC addresses 11.Network Interface Card configuration NIC teaming Duplexing Full Half Auto Speeds 10/100/1000 Mbps 10 Gbps
Compare and contrast various ports and protocols.	1. TCP vs. UDP2. SNMP 161 3. SMTP 25 4. FTP 20/21 5. SFTP 22 6. SSH 22 7. SCP 22 8.NTP 123 9. HTTP 80 10. HTTPS 443 11. TELNET 23 12. IMAP 143 13. POP3 110 14.RDP 3389 15.FTPS 989/990 16.LDAP 389/3268 17. DNS 53 18.DHCP 67/68
Given a scenario, install cables and implement proper cable management procedures.	1.Copper Patch cables Crossover Straight through Rollover 2.Fiber Single mode Multimode 3.Connectors ST LC BNC SC SFP RJ-45 RJ-11 4.Cable placement and routing Cable channels Cable management trays Vertical Horizontal 5.Labeling 6.Bend radius 7.Plenum cables 8.Cable ties
Disaster Recovery - 9%
Explain the importance of disaster recovery principles.	1.Site types Hot site Cold site Warm site 2.Replication methods Disk-to-disk Server-to-server Site-to-site 3.Continuity of operations Disaster recovery plan Business continuity plan Business impact analysis Who is affected What is affected Severity of impact
Given a scenario, implement appropriate backup techniques.	1.Methodology Full/normal Copy Incremental Differential Snapshot Selective Bare metal Open file Data vs. OS restore 2.Backup media Linear access Tape Random access Disk Removable media Optical media 3.Media and restore best practices Labeling Integrity verification Test restorability Tape rotation and retention 4.Media storage location Offsite Onsite Security considerations Environmental considerations
Troubleshooting - 20%
Explain troubleshooting theory and methodologies.	1. Identify the problem and determine the scope Question users/stakeholders and identify changes to the server/environment Collect additional documentation/logs If possible, replicate the problem as appropriate If possible, perform backups before making changes 2. Establish a theory of probable cause (question the obvious) Determine whether there is a common element of symptom causing multiple problems 3.Test the theory to determine cause Once theory is confirmed, determine next steps to resolve problem If theory is not confirmed, establish new theory or escalate 4. Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and notify impacted users 5. Implement the solution or escalate as appropriate Make one change at a time and test/ confirm the change has resolved the problem If the problem is not resolved, reverse the change if appropriate and implement new change 6. Verify full system functionality and if applicable implement preventative measures 7.Perform a root cause analysis 8. Document findings, actions and outcomes throughout the process
Given a scenario, effectively troubleshoot hardware problems, selecting the appropriate tools and methods.	1. Common problems Failed POST Overheating Memory failure Onboard component failure Processor failure Incorrect boot sequence Expansion card failure Operating system not found Drive failure Power supply failure I/O failure 2.Causes of common problems Third-party components or incompatible components Incompatible or incorrect BIOS Cooling failure Mismatched components Backplane failure 3.Environmental issues Dust Humidity Temperature Power surge/failure 4.Hardware tools Power supply tester (multimeter) Hardware diagnostics Compressed air ESD equipment
Given a scenario, effectively troubleshoot software problems, selecting the appropriate tools and methods.	1.Common problems User unable to log on User cannot access resources Memory leak BSOD/stop OS boot failure Driver issues Runaway process Cannot mount drive Cannot write to system log Slow OS performance Patch update failure Service failure Hangs no shut down Users cannot print 2.Cause of common problems User Account Control (UAC/SUDO) Corrupted files Lack of hard drive space Lack of system resources Virtual memory (misconfigured, corrupt) Fragmentation Print server drivers/services Print spooler 3.Software tools System logs Monitoring tools (resource monitor, performance monitor) Defragmentation tools Disk property tools (usage, free space, volume or drive mapping)
Given a scenario, effectively diagnose network problems, selecting the appropriate tools and methods.	1.Common problems Internet connectivity failure Email failure Resource unavailable DHCP server misconfigured Non-functional or unreachable Destination host unreachable Unknown host Default gateway misconfigured Failure of service provider Cannot reach by host name/FQDN 2.Causes of common problems Improper IP configuration VLAN configuration Port security Improper subnetting Component failure Incorrect OS route tables Bad cables Firewall (misconfiguration, hardware failure, software failure) Misconfigured NIC, routing/switch issues DNS and/or DHCP failure Misconfigured hosts file IPv4 vs. IPv6 misconfigurations 3.Networking tools ping tracert/traceroute ipconfig/ifconfig nslookup net use/mount route nbtstat netstat
Given a scenario, effectively troubleshoot storage problems, selecting the appropriate tools and methods.	1.Common problems Slow file access OS not found Data not available Unsuccessful backup Error lights Unable to mount the device Drive not available Cannot access logical drive Data corruption Slow I/O performance Restore failure Cache failure Multiple drive failure 2.Causes of common problems Media failure Drive failure Controller failure HBA failure Loose connectors Cable problems Misconfiguration Improper termination Corrupt boot sector Corrupt file system table Array rebuild Improper disk partition Bad sectors Cache battery failure Cache turned off Insufficient space Improper RAID configuration Mismatched drives Backplane failure 3.Storage tools Partitioning tools Disk management RAID array management Array management System logs Net use/mount command Monitoring tools
Given a scenario, effectively diagnose security issues, selecting the appropriate tools and methods.	1.Common problems File integrity issue Privilege escalation Applications will not load Cannot access network file/shares Unable to open files Excessive access Excessive memory utilization 2.Causes of common problems Open ports Active services Inactive services Intrusion detection configurations Anti-malware configurations Local/group policies Firewall rules Misconfigured permissions Virus infection Rogue processes/services 3.Security tools Port scanners Sniffers Cipher Checksums Telnet client Anti-malware

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